android tutorial - Creating custom views in android | Developer android - android app development - android studio - android app developement

If you need a completely customized view, you'll need to subclass View (the superclass of all Android views) and provide your custom sizing (onMeasure(...)) and drawing (onDraw(...)) methods:

This is basically the same for every custom view. Here we create the skeleton for a custom view that can draw a smiley, called SmileyView:

public class SmileyView extends View {
    private Paint mCirclePaint;
    private Paint mEyeAndMouthPaint;

    private float mCenterX;
    private float mCenterY;
    private float mRadius;
    private RectF mArcBounds = new RectF();

    public SmileyView(Context context) {
        this(context, null, 0);
    }

    public SmileyView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        this(context, attrs, 0);
    }

    public SmileyView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
        initPaints();
    }

    private void initPaints() {/* ... */}

    @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {/* ... */}

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {/* ... */}
}

The Paint objects are the brushes of your virtual canvas defining how your geometric objects are rendered (e.g. color, fill and stroke style, etc.). Here we create two Paints, one yellow filled paint for the circle and one black stroke paint for the eyes and the mouth:

private void initPaints() {
    mCirclePaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
    mCirclePaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
    mCirclePaint.setColor(Color.YELLOW);
    mEyeAndMouthPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
    mEyeAndMouthPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
    mEyeAndMouthPaint.setStrokeWidth(16 * getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density);
    mEyeAndMouthPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.ROUND);
    mEyeAndMouthPaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
}

This is required so that the parent layouts (e.g. FrameLayout) can properly align your custom view. It provides a set of measureSpecs that you can use to determine your view's height and width. Here we create a square by making sure that the height and width are the same:

@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
    int w = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
    int h = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);

    int size = Math.min(w, h);
    setMeasuredDimension(size, size);
}

Note that onMeasure(...) must contain at least one call to setMeasuredDimension(..) or else your custom view will crash with an IllegalStateException.

This allows you to catch the current height and width of your custom view to properly adjust your rendering code. Here we just calculate our center and our radius:

@Override
protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {
    mCenterX = w / 2f;
    mCenterY = h / 2f;
    mRadius = Math.min(w, h) / 2f;
}

This is where you implement the actual rendering of your view. It provides a Canvas object that you can draw on (see the official Canvas documentation for all drawing methods available).

@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
    // draw face
    canvas.drawCircle(mCenterX, mCenterY, mRadius, mCirclePaint);
    // draw eyes
    float eyeRadius = mRadius / 5f;
    float eyeOffsetX = mRadius / 3f;
    float eyeOffsetY = mRadius / 3f;
    canvas.drawCircle(mCenterX - eyeOffsetX, mCenterY - eyeOffsetY, eyeRadius, mEyeAndMouthPaint);
    canvas.drawCircle(mCenterX + eyeOffsetX, mCenterY - eyeOffsetY, eyeRadius, mEyeAndMouthPaint);
    // draw mouth
    float mouthInset = mRadius /3f;
    mArcBounds.set(mouthInset, mouthInset, mRadius * 2 - mouthInset, mRadius * 2 - mouthInset);
    canvas.drawArc(mArcBounds, 45f, 90f, false, mEyeAndMouthPaint);
}

The custom view can now be included in any layout files that you have. Here we just wrap it inside a FrameLayout:

<FrameLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <com.example.app.SmileyView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</FrameLayout>

Note that it is recommended to build your project after the view code is finished. Without building it you won't be able to see the view on a preview screen in Android Studio. After putting everything together, you should be greeted with the following screen after launching the activity containing the above layout:

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