Given a doubly linked list, write a function to sort the doubly linked list in increasing order using merge sort.

For example, the following doubly linked list should be changed to 2<->4<->8<->10

We strongly recommend to minimize your browser and try this yourself first.
Merge sort for singly linked list is already discussed. The important change here is to modify the previous pointers also when merging two lists.

Below is the implementation of merge sort for doubly linked list.

Python Programming

Python
# Program for merge sort on doubly linked list
 
# A node of the doublly linked list
class Node:
     
    # Constructor to create a new node
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data 
        self.next = None
        self.prev = None
 
class DoublyLinkedList:
 
     # Constructor for empty Doubly Linked List
    def __init__(self):
        self.head = None
 
    # Function to merge two linked list
    def merge(self, first, second):
         
        # If first linked list is empty
        if first is None:
            return second 
         
        # If secon linked list is empty 
        if second is None:
            return first
 
        # Pick the smaller value
        if first.data < second.data:
            first.next = self.merge(first.next, second)
            first.next.prev = first
            first.prev = None  
            return first
        else:
            second.next = self.merge(first, second.next)
            second.next.prev = second
            second.prev = None
            return second
 
    # Function to do merge sort
    def mergeSort(self, tempHead):
        if tempHead is None: 
            return tempHead
        if tempHead.next is None:
            return tempHead
         
        second = self.split(tempHead)
         
        # Recur for left and righ halves
        tempHead = self.mergeSort(tempHead)
        second = self.mergeSort(second)
 
        # Merge the two sorted halves
        return self.merge(tempHead, second)
 
    # Split the doubly linked list (DLL) into two DLLs
    # of half sizes
    def split(self, tempHead):
        fast = slow =  tempHead
        while(True):
            if fast.next is None:
                break
            if fast.next.next is None:
                break
            fast = fast.next.next
            slow = slow.next
             
        temp = slow.next
        slow.next = None
        return temp
         
             
    # Given a reference to the head of a list and an
    # integer,inserts a new node on the front of list
    def push(self, new_data):
  
        # 1. Allocates node
        # 2. Put the data in it
        new_node = Node(new_data)
  
        # 3. Make next of new node as head and
        # previous as None (already None)
        new_node.next = self.head
  
        # 4. change prev of head node to new_node
        if self.head is not None:
            self.head.prev = new_node
  
        # 5. move the head to point to the new node
        self.head = new_node
 
 
    def printList(self, node):
        temp = node
        print "Forward Traversal using next poitner"
        while(node is not None):
            print node.data,
            temp = node
            node = node.next
        print "\nBackward Traversal using prev pointer"
        while(temp):
            print temp.data,
            temp = temp.prev
 
# Driver program to test the above functions
dll = DoublyLinkedList()
dll.push(5)
dll.push(20);
dll.push(4);
dll.push(3);
dll.push(30)
dll.push(10);
dll.head = dll.mergeSort(dll.head)   
print "Linked List after sorting"
dll.printList(dll.head)

Output:

Linked List after sorting
Forward Traversal using next pointer
3 4 5 10 20 30
Backward Traversal using prev pointer
30 20 10 5 4 3

Time Complexity: Time complexity of the above implementation is same as time complexity of MergeSort for arrays. It takes Θ(nLogn) time.

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