Given an array arr[0 … n-1] containing n positive integers, a subsequence of arr[] is called Bitonic if it is first increasing, then decreasing. Write a function that takes an array as argument and returns the length of the longest bitonic subsequence.
A sequence, sorted in increasing order is considered Bitonic with the decreasing part as empty. Similarly, decreasing order sequence is considered Bitonic with the increasing part as empty.

Examples:

Input arr[] = {1, 11, 2, 10, 4, 5, 2, 1};
Output: 6 (A Longest Bitonic Subsequence of length 6 is 1, 2, 10, 4, 2, 1)

Input arr[] = {12, 11, 40, 5, 3, 1}
Output: 5 (A Longest Bitonic Subsequence of length 5 is 12, 11, 5, 3, 1)

Input arr[] = {80, 60, 30, 40, 20, 10}
Output: 5 (A Longest Bitonic Subsequence of length 5 is 80, 60, 30, 20, 10)

Solution
This problem is a variation of standard Longest Increasing Subsequence (LIS) problem. Let the input array be arr[] of length n. We need to construct two arrays lis[] and lds[] using Dynamic Programming solution of LIS problem. lis[i] stores the length of the Longest Increasing subsequence ending with arr[i]. lds[i] stores the length of the longest Decreasing subsequence starting from arr[i]. Finally, we need to return the max value of lis[i] + lds[i] – 1 where i is from 0 to n-1.

[ad type=”banner”]

Following is Python implementation of the above Dynamic Programming solution.

Python
# Dynamic Programming implementation of longest bitonic subsequence problem
"""
lbs() returns the length of the Longest Bitonic Subsequence in
arr[] of size n. The function mainly creates two temporary arrays
lis[] and lds[] and returns the maximum lis[i] + lds[i] - 1.

lis[i] ==> Longest Increasing subsequence ending with arr[i]
lds[i] ==> Longest decreasing subsequence starting with arr[i]
"""

def lbs(arr):
n = len(arr)


# allocate memory for LIS[] and initialize LIS values as 1
# for all indexes
lis = [1 for i in range(n+1)]

# Compute LIS values from left to right
for i in range(1 , n):
for j in range(0 , i):
if ((arr[i] > arr[j]) and (lis[i] < lis[j] +1)):
lis[i] = lis[j] + 1

# allocate memory for LDS and initialize LDS values for
# all indexes
lds = [1 for i in range(n+1)]

# Compute LDS values from right to left
for i in reversed(range(n-1)): #loop from n-2 downto 0
for j in reversed(range(i-1 ,n)): #loop from n-1 downto i-1
if(arr[i] > arr[j] and lds[i] < lds[j] + 1):
lds[i] = lds[j] + 1


# Return the maximum value of (lis[i] + lds[i] - 1)
maximum = lis[0] + lds[0] - 1
for i in range(1 , n):
maximum = max((lis[i] + lds[i]-1), maximum)

return maximum

# Driver program to test the above function
arr = [0 , 8 , 4, 12, 2, 10 , 6 , 14 , 1 , 9 , 5 , 13,
3, 11 , 7 , 15]
print "Length of LBS is",lbs(arr)

Output :

 Length of LBS is 7

Time Complexity: O(n^2)
Auxiliary Space: O(n)

[ad type=”banner”]