Write an efficient C++ program to find the sum of contiguous subarray within a one-dimensional array of numbers which has the largest sum.

kadane Algorithm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Kadane’s Algorithm:

Initialize:
    max_so_far = 0
    max_ending_here = 0

Loop for each element of the array
  (a) max_ending_here = max_ending_here + a[i]
  (b) if(max_ending_here < 0)
            max_ending_here = 0
  (c) if(max_so_far < max_ending_here)
            max_so_far = max_ending_here
return max_so_far
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Explanation:
Simple idea of the Kadane’s algorithm is to look for all positive contiguous segments of the array (max_ending_here is used for this). And keep track of maximum sum contiguous segment among all positive segments (max_so_far is used for this). Each time we get a positive sum compare it with max_so_far and update max_so_far if it is greater than max_so_far

    Lets take the example:
    {-2, -3, 4, -1, -2, 1, 5, -3}

    max_so_far = max_ending_here = 0

    for i=0,  a[0] =  -2
    max_ending_here = max_ending_here + (-2)
    Set max_ending_here = 0 because max_ending_here < 0

    for i=1,  a[1] =  -3
    max_ending_here = max_ending_here + (-3)
    Set max_ending_here = 0 because max_ending_here < 0

    for i=2,  a[2] =  4
    max_ending_here = max_ending_here + (4)
    max_ending_here = 4
    max_so_far is updated to 4 because max_ending_here greater 
    than max_so_far which was 0 till now

    for i=3,  a[3] =  -1
    max_ending_here = max_ending_here + (-1)
    max_ending_here = 3

    for i=4,  a[4] =  -2
    max_ending_here = max_ending_here + (-2)
    max_ending_here = 1

    for i=5,  a[5] =  1
    max_ending_here = max_ending_here + (1)
    max_ending_here = 2

    for i=6,  a[6] =  5
    max_ending_here = max_ending_here + (5)
    max_ending_here = 7
    max_so_far is updated to 7 because max_ending_here is 
    greater than max_so_far

    for i=7,  a[7] =  -3
    max_ending_here = max_ending_here + (-3)
    max_ending_here = 4

Program:

C++
// C++ program to print largest contiguous array sum
#include<iostream>
#include<climits>
using namespace std;

int maxSubArraySum(int a[], int size)
{
int max_so_far = INT_MIN, max_ending_here = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
max_ending_here = max_ending_here + a[i];
if (max_so_far < max_ending_here)
max_so_far = max_ending_here;

if (max_ending_here < 0)
max_ending_here = 0;
}
return max_so_far;
}

/*Driver program to test maxSubArraySum*/
int main()
{
int a[] = {-2, -3, 4, -1, -2, 1, 5, -3};
int n = sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]);
int max_sum = maxSubArraySum(a, n);
cout << "Maximum contiguous sum is " << max_sum;
return 0;
}

Output :

Maximum contiguous sum is 7
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Above program can be optimized further, if we compare max_so_far with max_ending_here only if max_ending_here is greater than 0.

C++
int maxSubArraySum(int a[], int size)
{
int max_so_far = 0, max_ending_here = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
max_ending_here = max_ending_here + a[i];
if (max_ending_here < 0)
max_ending_here = 0;

/* Do not compare for all elements. Compare only
when max_ending_here > 0 */
else if (max_so_far < max_ending_here)
max_so_far = max_ending_here;
}
return max_so_far;
}

Time Complexity: O(n)
Algorithmic Paradigm: Dynamic Programming

The implementation handles the case when all numbers in array are negative.

C++
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int maxSubArraySum(int a[], int size)
{
int max_so_far = a[0];
int curr_max = a[0];

for (int i = 1; i < size; i++)
{
curr_max = max(a[i], curr_max+a[i]);
max_so_far = max(max_so_far, curr_max);
}
return max_so_far;
}

/* Driver program to test maxSubArraySum */
int main()
{
int a[] = {-2, -3, 4, -1, -2, 1, 5, -3};
int n = sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]);
int max_sum = maxSubArraySum(a, n);
cout << "Maximum contiguous sum is " << max_sum;
return 0;
}

Output :

Maximum contiguous sum is 7
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To print the subarray with the maximum sum, we maintain indices whenever we get the maximum sum.

C++
// C++ program to print largest contiguous array sum
#include<iostream>
#include<climits>
using namespace std;

int maxSubArraySum(int a[], int size)
{
int max_so_far = INT_MIN, max_ending_here = 0,
start =0, end = 0, s=0;

for (int i=0; i< size; i++ )
{
max_ending_here += a[i];

if (max_so_far < max_ending_here)
{
max_so_far = max_ending_here;
start = s;
end = i;
}

if (max_ending_here < 0)
{
max_ending_here = 0;
s = i+1;
}
}
cout << "Maximum contiguous sum is "
<< max_so_far << endl;
cout << "Starting index "<< start
<< endl << "Ending index "<< end << endl;
}

/*Driver program to test maxSubArraySum*/
int main()
{
int a[] = {-2, -3, 4, -1, -2, 1, 5, -3};
int n = sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]);
int max_sum = maxSubArraySum(a, n);
return 0;
}

Output :

Maximum contiguous sum is 7
Starting index 2
Ending index 6