Explain OR & AND Operator In Java ?

OR Operator in Java:

Definition:

In Java, the OR operator is represented by || (logical OR) or | (bitwise OR). The logical OR (||) evaluates two boolean expressions and returns true if at least one of the operands is true. The bitwise OR (|) operates on individual bits of two operands and returns 1 in each bit position where at least one of the bits is 1.

Example:

Logical OR (||):

boolean a = true;
boolean b = false;
boolean result = a || b; 

Output:

result will be true, because a is true.

Bitwise OR (|):

int a = 5;  // Binary: 0101
int b = 3;  // Binary: 0011
int result = a | b; 

Output:

result will be 7, Binary: 0111

Features of OR Operator:

• Short-circuits, meaning if the first operand evaluates to true, the second operand is not evaluated.
• Always evaluates both operands and operates on binary representations of numbers.

Advantages:

• Efficient with short-circuit evaluation when only one condition is needed to be true.
• Efficient in manipulating individual bits in data, commonly used in low-level programming.

Uses:

• Used in conditional statements where multiple conditions need to be checked.
• Used in bit manipulation, networking, flags, and low-level operations.

AND Operator in Java:

Definition:

In Java , the AND operator is represented by && (logical AND) or & (bitwise AND). The logical AND (&&) checks two boolean expressions and returns true if both operands are true. The bitwise AND (&) operates on individual bits and returns 1 in each bit position where both bits are 1.

Example:

Logical AND (&&):

boolean a = true;
boolean b = false;
boolean result = a && b; 

Output:

result will be false, because b is false.

Bitwise AND (&):

int a = 5;  
int b = 3;  
int result = a & b; 

Output:

result will be 1, Binary: 0001

Features of AND Operator:

• Short-circuits, meaning if the first operand is false, the second operand is not evaluated.
• Always evaluates both operands and operates on binary representations of numbers.

Advantages:

• Helps in improving performance through short-circuit evaluation when both conditions must be true.
• Efficient in masking and clearing specific bits.

Uses:

• Used in conditional statements where multiple conditions must be met.
• Used in bit masking, checksum calculations, and low-level programming for managing data.